- Formulas : C4H10O
- Chemical composition : China-AR-0,5L
- Product Type: Pharmaceuticals & fine Chemical
Product description :
Diethyl ether, also known as ethyl ether, simply ether, or ethoxyethane, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula (C2H5)2O. It is a colorless, highly volatile flammable liquid with a characteristic odor. It is commonly used as a solvent and was once used as a general anesthetic.
Applications
It is particularly important as a solvent in the production of cellulose plastics such as cellulose acetate.[4]
As a fuel
Diethyl ether has a high cetane number of 85-96 and is used as a starting fluid for diesel and gasoline engines[5]because of its high volatility and low autoignition temperature. For the same reason it is also used as a component of the fuel mixture for carbureted compression ignition model engines.
Laboratory uses
Diethyl ether is a common laboratory solvent. It has limited solubility in water (6.9 g/100 mL)[citation needed] and dissolves 1.5 g/100 mL water at 25 °C.[6] Therefore, it is commonly used for liquid-liquid extraction. When used with an aqueous solution, the organic layer is on top as the diethyl ether has a lower density than the water. It is also a common solvent for the Grignard reaction in addition to other reactions involving organometallic reagents. Due to its application in the manufacturing of illicit substances, it is listed in the Table II precursor under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.[7]
Anesthetic use
William T.G. Morton participated in a public demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846 at the Ether Domein Boston, Massachusetts. However, Crawford Williamson Long, M.D., is now known to have demonstrated its use privately as a general anesthetic in surgery to officials in Georgia, as early as March 30, 1842, and Long publicly demonstrated ethers use as a surgical anesthetic on numerous occasions before 1846.[8] British doctors were aware of the anesthetic properties of ether as early as 1840 where it was widely prescribed in conjunction with opium.[9]
Diethyl ether was formerly sometimes used in place of chloroform because it had a higher therapeutic index, a larger difference between the recommended dosage and a toxic overdose.[10] Because of its associations with Boston, the use of ether became known as the "Yankee Dodge."
Diethyl ether depresses the myocardium and also increases treacheobronchial secretions.[11]
Diethyl ether could also be mixed with other anesthetic agents such as chloroform to make C.E. mixture, or chloroform and alcohol to make A.C.E. mixture.
Today, ether is rarely used. The use of flammable ether was displaced by nonflammable anesthetics such as halothane. Diethyl ether was found to have many undesirable side effects, such as post-anesthetic nausea and vomiting. Modern anesthetic agents, such as methyl propyl ether (Neothyl) and methoxyflurane (Penthrane) reduce these side effects.[8]
Medical use
It was once used in pharmaceuticals. A formulation of alcohol and mixture was known as "Spirit of ether" or Hoffmans . In the United States, it was removed from Pharmacopeia prior to June 1917.[12]
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